Dead space extraction dolphin sideways9/15/2023 ![]() However, our understanding of population-level effects and ecosystem interactions is limited, yet it is an active area of study. Ultimately, species-richness and biodiversity in an ecosystem could be affected. The effects of anthropogenic noise on individual animals can escalate to the population level. The types and severity of effects are related to a number of noise features, including the received noise level and duration of exposure, but also depend upon contextual factors such as proximity, familiarity, and the behavioral state in which animals were exposed. Potential adverse effects cover a range of behavioral changes and physiological responses, including-in extreme cases-physical injury and death. This chapter describes the effects of noise on animals in terrestrial and aquatic habitats.
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